A Review of Data Hiding in Digital Images
In this paper we will overview the use of data hiding techniques in digital images. In particular we will describe how one can use Steganography to hide information in a digital image. Steganography is related to cryptography and is the basis for many of the digital watermarking techniques currently being developed.
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A Mathematical Framework for Active Steganalysis
A mathematical framework for steganalysis is presented in this paper with linear steganography being the main focus. A mathematically formal definition of steganalysis is given. Then, active steganalysis defined as the extraction of a hidden message with little or no prior information is formulated as a blind system identification problem within this framework. Conditions for identifiability (i.e., successful steganalysis) are derived. A procedure to systematically exploit any available spatial and temporal diversity information for efficient steganalysis is also discussed.
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A Mathematical Approach to Steganalysis
A mathematical approach to steganalysis is presented in this paper with linear steganography being the main focus. A mathematically formal definition of steganalysis is given followed by definitions for passive and active steganalysis. The steganalysis problem is formulated as blind system identification and conditions for identifiability (successful steganalysis) are derived. A procedure to systematically exploit any available spatial and temporal diversity information for efficient steganalysis is also discussed.
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A Joint Source-Channel Coding Scheme for Image-in-Image Data Hiding
We consider the problem of hiding images in images. In addition to the usual design constraints such as imperceptible host degradation and robustness in presence of variety of attacks, we impose the condition that the quality of the recovered signature image should be better if the attack is milder. We present a simple hybrid analogdigital hiding technique for this purpose.
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A Framework for Evaluating the Data-Hiding Capacity of Image Sources
An information-theoretic model for image watermarking and data hiding is presented in this paper. Recent theoretical results are used to characterize the fundametal capacity limits of the image watermarking and data-hiding systems. Capacity is determined by the statistical model used for the hose image, by the distortion constraints on the data hider, to the attacker, and the decoder.
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The Contributions of Cryptography & Steganography to Internet Security
The encryption of data is no longer considered an esoteric practice. Even though it hasn't yet achieved widespread use, it is fairly easy to protect sensitive information with code. Not only do political and military institutions, as well as large companies, employ cryptographic techniques to provide vital data protection, but private users have ready access to encryption software applications. Security-conscious individuals are increasingly using code, as well as hiding their data in image and audio files.
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A Discussion of Covert Channels and Steganography
For those whose task it is to assure security, electronic communication without scrutiny that can continue between parties trying to circumvent a security policy poses a risk. This is true whether the "parties" are individuals with malicious intent or processes with different security levels passing data while running on a shared CPU. Covert communication channels have been present throughout history and continue to be developed, used and sometimes exploited by those intent on keeping their communications not only secret, but also hidden. Awareness has increased in the application of covert channels, fueled by increased demand for development in the field of digital watermarking and fingerprinting for copyright protection and infringement prosecution, and reports of increased use for illegal purposes on the Internet. The technology itself is a double-edged sword.
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Steganalysis: Detecting hidden information with computer forensic analysis
With the wide use and abundance of steganography tools on the Internet, law enforcement authorities have concerns in the trafficking of illicit material through web page images, audio, and other files. Methods of detecting hidden information and understanding the overall structure of this technology is crucial in uncovering these activities.
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Reversing the Steganography Myth in Terrorist Operations
The events of September 11th prompted significant discussion and speculation as to the use of Steganography by terrorists for clandestine and secured communications. Numerous prominent figures in the industry have written articles and given interviews debating whether or not terrorists are using Stego to disseminate information to sleeper cells both in America and abroad. USA Today, for example, quoted "US Officials" this way: "U.S. officials and experts say it's the latest method of communication being used by Osama bin Laden and his associates to outfox law enforcement."
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Steganography: What's the real risk?
Since September 11, 2001, government officials have sought to change federal and state surveillance laws in order to allow the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the Central Intelligence Agency the ability to monitor suspected terrorist communications inside the United States. Typical monitoring practices include phone tapping, interception of mail, and both video and audio surveillance. With the age of the Internet, a whole host of new ways to communicate has arisen. Now law enforcement officials have to deal with communication as simple as email and as complex as triple-DES encrypted data streams.
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