Definition of Cryptology
What is Cryptology?
Cryptology is the art developing a secret code and/or the using code in an encryption system converting information from its normal, comprehensible form into an incomprehensible format, rendering it unreadable without secret knowledge.
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Cryptology
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PGP: A Hybrid Solution
Cryptography is the science of keeping data secure. Encryption is the process of using cryptography to encode data so that it's meaning is not immediately obvious. There are two main types of cryptography that are used, symmetric and asymmetric. It is also possible to use a hybrid of the two; Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) by Network Associates is an example of this. Symmetric and asymmetric cryptography both have advantages and disadvantages that will be discussed in this paper. PGP brings the best of each together and also works to minimize the disadvantages. This will also be discussed. Alice and Bob are often used as examples when cryptography is explained, therefore I will also use them for most examples.
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The Day DES Died
How was DES broken? How do you know what cryptosystems work? Which ones are best? This paper won't answer all those questions, but it will take a closer look at DES. The characteristics of the RSA challenges will be discussed. Finally, we'll compare DES to other cryptosystems to discover which ones are secure and why. Understanding more about this long-term standard encryption algorithm may help to secure implementations of cryptography in your environment. I hope that you'll find this paper interesting and a little fun too!
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One Fish, Twofish, Red Fish, Blowfish A History of Cryptography and it's Application in Society
On the sixth day, God created living creatures of every kind; and on the seventh day he rested. Arguably millions of years later, approximately 2000 BC, cryptography was created; though not directly by God, but by ancient Egyptians writing hyroclifics on the walls of kings tombs. As times progressed, new applications were found and the art of enciphering messages evolved. From Greeks to Spartans to Julius Caesar employing character substitution, cryptography has continued to develop from an art of hiding messages in a secret language to the level of mathematical complexity it is today.
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Digital Signature and Multiple Signature: Different Cases for Different Purposes
Like paper-based signatures, digital signatures intend to respect a number of security assumptions. Methods of digital signature apposed by a single user have been defined and are widely used. But is it sufficient? What if a legal document requires witnesses and notarization, or a contract needs the signatures of several officers? This paper will first show the basics to understand digital signatures and how the security properties of integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are respected. We will then present the purposes of multiple signature schemes and introduce a possible classification of cases that need multiple signatures. This paper is not intended as a presentation of a particular multiple signature scheme, but the classification presented should help researchers identify more appropriate new multiple signature schemes.
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The Relevance of Quantum Cryptography in Modern Cryptographic Systems
This paper explains the basic principles of quantum cryptography and how these principles apply to quantum key distribution. One specific quantum key distribution protocol called BB84 is described in detail and compared to traditional (nonquantum) cryptographic systems. It is explained how BB84 addresses some of the shortcomings of traditional cryptographic systems. The remaining technical limitations of BB84 are listed. A short overview of commercial implementations of quantum cryptography is given. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the relevance and future viability of quantum cryptography in today's information security environment.
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Communications Security for the Twenty-first Century: The Advanced Encryption Standard
In August 1999 NIST announced the five finalists: MARS, RC6, Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish. These were widely accepted-along with some support for E2-as the "best" submissions, and NSA called these "appropriate choices," reported NIST. But there was also concern that the first year of public evaluation had concentrated on picking off the easy targets and that the remaining evaluation period was insufficient for a full evaluation of the finalists. The winner(s) will be determined in summer 2000.
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Foundations of Cryptography
Cryptography has been employed for keeping secrets since the time of Caesar. From the simplest ciphers of shifting letters, to mathematically provably secure ciphers of today, cryptography has progressed a long way. It also has widened to a number of uses and capabilities to fit an ever growing number of applications. Cryptography makes it possible to keep data secure over an insecure network.
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Encryption - The Missing Defence Tool In Many Companies' Security Policy
Over the last few years, protection against external attacks has been the main focus of information security policies and purchases but this has caused the other aspects of data security to be overlooked. A number of surveys over the last two years have highlighted the fact that the majority of real data losses have been through internal attack or simple loss of removable storage media.
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Application Level Cryptography
A cryptographic algorithm, also called a cipher, is the mathematical function used for encryption and decryption. If the security of an algorithm is based on keeping the way that algorithm works a secret, it is a restricted algorithm. Restricted algorithms are woefully inadequate by today's standards. A large or changing group of users cannot use them, because every time a user leaves the group, everyone else must switch to a different algorithm. If someone accidentally reveals the secret, everyone must change their algorithm.
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Salted hashes demystified - A Primer
This primer will provide a basic level explanation of how seeded (or salted) hashes of clear text data are structured / created. The original formalization of this concept comes from RFC-3112. This document is written so that an understanding of this type of functionality becomes possible to anyone with a good computer science foundation.
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