Definition of Cryptology
What is Cryptology?
Cryptology is the art developing a secret code and/or the using code in an encryption system converting information from its normal, comprehensible form into an incomprehensible format, rendering it unreadable without secret knowledge.
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Cryptology
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Is the future of cryptography in qubits
While quantum computer algorithms threaten the future of classical cryptography, One-time pads can still offer security even in the presence of key cracking quantum computers, but the key distribution problem would have to be over come. In a beautiful irony, quantum computers may break current cryptography but quantum mechanics also offer hope to cryptography in quantum key distribution.
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The mathematics behind the security features that the computing industry takes for granted
Throughout this paper I aim to explain mathematical/encryption concepts that are fundamental to security as it was in the past, as it is today and my vision for the future. I shall explain and in some cases actually prove how this theory is applied. Many computing professionals may well have heard of the RSA or the DES algorithm and may even frequently use GUI's (Graphical User Interfaces) to encrypt/decrypt data but may be unaware of the beauty of the mathematics behind it. Without documents like this, the comparatively unprofitable world of mathematical cryptography will not receive the human investment needed to push the boundaries of this frontier. I believe that whilst writing about this subject I must pay tribute to the heroes who founded it. Most importantly I will concentrate on a real world example and go from (or at least close to) the axioms taken for granted right through to the final application.
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Appropriate Use of Network Encryption Technologies
This paper will describe virtual private networks and other network encryption technologies such as secure sockets layer - what they are, and what protections they provide. Equally important, this paper will also examine the flipside; namely, what network encryption cannot provide; how one can actually compromise overall security through poor implementation; and measures one can take to minimize these risks. The necessity of defense in depth will be emphasized throughout.
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S-Box Modifications and Their Effect in DES-like Encryption Systems
This paper presents the substitution boxes (s-boxes) found in many block ciphers, and more specifically in DES-like encryption systems. It begins with a brief history of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and the first public question on the chosen s-boxes. An outline of the DES algorithm is presented, along with a more detailed look of the cipher function that uses the s-boxes. The major methods of cryptanalysis are reviewed, including how they use the s-boxes for their attacks, and how the risk can be mitigated by alternate schemes. Potential changes to s-boxes described, as well as how these changes may or may not strengthen DES-like encryption systems. Finally, there is a brief example of how some researchers underwent rigorous DES-like s-box construction testing.
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History of Encryption
Encryption, process of converting messages, information, or data into a form unreadable by anyone except the intended recipient. Encrypted data must be deciphered, or decrypted, before it can be read by the recipient. The root of the word encryption-crypt-comes from the Greek word kryptos, meaning hidden or secret. In its earliest form, people have been attempting to conceal certain information that they wanted to keep to their own possession by substituting parts of the information with symbols, numbers and pictures, this paper highlights in chronology the history of Cryptography throughout centuries.
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Attacks on PGP: A Users Perspective
The focus of this paper is to inform users of the practical and theoretical strategies that may be used in an attempt to compromise PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), potentially exposing the contents of a PGP encrypted message to an attacker. This paper will also recommend various countermeasures that can enhance a user's ability to defend themselves against some of the more realistic threats facing the use of Pretty Good Privacy. All countermeasures recommended in this paper may vary according to the specific system in place, the threat model associated with the organization and the level of sensitivity of the data being protected.
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PGP for Everyday Use
As an encryption program, PGP has become a common tool for everyday encryption and security. Its use allow for simple, easy and fairly complete verification and encryption of files and messages. There are many versions of PGP and many different tools for a wide variety of operating systems. This paper will also show briefly what PGP is, where to get PGP from and what the differences are between the versions. It will also address how to use PGP for everyday tasks such as e-mail signing and encryption along with file encryption and signature verification. This will include simple key management, verification of files and verification of signatures. A general understanding of how encryption works would be helpful, but is not required.
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The Ease of Steganography and Camouflage
The ease of use in steganography has proliferated so that any person with a computer and an Internet connection can perform steganography on virtually any file. The programs that are available range from Unix and Windows based to command line or graphical user interface (GUI). Camouflage Software is easy to use, install, and a very versatile steganography tool that is free of charge and available for download to anyone with an Internet connection. In this paper we will look at the ease of use of one particular program, and the ability to detect steganographic material created by the program. "Camouflage allows you to hide files by scrambling them and then attaching them to the file of your choice." Though this ease of use makes steganography highly available and threatening, it also presents obvious indications that a file has been used for steganographic purposes.
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Roll Your Own Crypto Services (Using Open Source and Free Cryptography)
We first give an overview of the software available, and what platforms it runs on. Second, we address how to provide the resources assumed by the securing application, such as a source of unpredictable bits to use as keys, and to use to generate public key parameters such as an RSA modulus. We find that the open source cryptographic software community has produced applications that fill most every need, and, indeed, that there are GIAC student papers detailing how to solve a wide variety of problems creatively with this software. However, we also find that choosing and implementing cryptographic packages requires attention to the details, such as the protocol version to implement, the random number source, and recent cryptographic breakthroughs.
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An Overview of Hardware Security Modules
This paper intends to introduce the concept of a cryptographic hardware device. It will describe its functions, uses and implementations. It will explain some of the desirable features offered by hardware vendors, as well as examine some of the pitfalls, weaknesses, and disadvantages associated with these types of devices. It will summarize the FIPS 140 standard and explain how it pertains to these devices.
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