Definition of Cryptology
What is Cryptology?
Cryptology is the art developing a secret code and/or the using code in an encryption system converting information from its normal, comprehensible form into an incomprehensible format, rendering it unreadable without secret knowledge.
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Cryptology
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Using GPL Software For Email and File Encryption
Because privacy is important, the security of information is sometimes legally required, and internet communication often does not provide this necessary security inherently. Email encryption and file encryption can provide a higher level of security for internet communication, but too often providers of proprietary encryption technology and related services like the PGP Corporation's PGP encryption software are too expensive to fit the budgets of people or organizations involved.
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Cryptanalysis of RSA: A Survey
In this paper we give a survey of the main methods used in attacks against the RSA cryptosystem. We describe the main factoring methods, attacks on the underlying mathematical function, as well as attacks that exploit details in implementations of the algorithm. While many attacks exist, the system has proven to be very secure, and most problems arise as a result of misuse of the system, bad choice of parameters or flaws in implementations. To conclude, we list a couple of countermeasures that can be used to prevent many of the attacks described.
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A Review of Chaffing and Winnowing
This paper presents an overview of Chaffing and Winnowing as described by Ronald Rivest. This leads onto a review of a secure Chaffing and Winnowing scheme called Chaffinch. Chaffing and Winnowing introduces a novel new concept that does not use encryption keys, and as such would not be subject to import and export restrictions. Chaffing and Winnowing achieves privacy and confidentiality by using authentication keys, however, these are not to be confused with encryption keys. Authentication keys/digital signatures are not controlled by governments and most have chosen that the disclosure of these signatures is not allowed. They have taken this stance over authentication keys because of the danger of unscrupulous people being able to use someone else's personal authenticator to take over that person's identity!
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Prime Numbers in Public Key Cryptography
The use of public-key cryptography is pervasive in the information protection and privacy arenas. Public key crypto algorithms utilize prime numbers extensively; indeed, prime numbers are an essential part of the major public key systems. This paper provides an introduction to prime numbers and how they are chosen, identified and used in public key systems. The content of this paper is specifically targeted at an audience that has only basic mathematical knowledge. A reader who has taken a high school or college algebra class should be able to follow the math herein. The objective of this paper is to inform the mainstream information security professional - who does not necessarily possess an extensive knowledge of mathematics - about the nature of prime numbers and how they are used in contemporary public key systems, thereby increasing his/her overall understanding of contemporary asymmetric encryption algorithms.
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Randomness and Entropy - An Introduction
This paper will attempt to bring together information pertaining to concepts and definitions of randomness and entropy. Through definition and example both the implications and applications within the Information Security industry will be shown, bringing a complex topic to light in a concise and understandable form. This paper focuses on one of the vital components used in various security related technologies. This component is by nature complex and easily misunderstood. One may say that randomness plays a "key" part in most cryptosystems today, however, generally speaking it is very difficult to appreciate how many systems and technologies rely on the randomness of data.
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Quantum Encryption - A Means to Perfect Security?
There is controversy about how secure quantum messages are. It is possible to prove that the probability of message interception by an adversary is arbitrarily small, under ideal conditions. People and machines, however, can never be perfect, so there are many approaches to defeating quantum encryption. Some computer security experts have wondered why making the strongest link in a system even stronger will improve security overall. Since public key cryptography is so hard to decipher now, why spend so much time and money on an even more secure quantum encryption scheme? If deciphering is nearly impossible, why not use other techniques, such as social engineering, to eavesdrop? This paper will attempt to answer those questions.
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Applied Encryption: Ensuring Integrity of Tactical Data
Currently, there is a security risk involved with the transference of data through the CST software. While the SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet) provides a circuit encryption to all data traveling along its path, there is no encryption applied directly through CST. If the data leaving CST were to be intercepted by unauthorized personnel on the local network, this would expose the confidentiality of the data and could potentially destroy its integrity. This paper will provide the reader with a low-level understanding of the Global Command and Control System-Maritime (GCCS-M), CST, Track Database Manager (Tdbm) and SIPRNet. It will detail how data transmission is accomplished from server to server via CST highlighting the need for additional encryption of the CST data stream.
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Cryptography: What is secure?
As we moved into the information society, cryptography has become increasingly used to provide security. What is secure today can be broken tomorrow or be broken by "something" or "somehow". This rule could just be the only rule that never changes in the ever-changing game of security. It is thus important for security personals to know more than just applying cryptography blindly. This paper looks at how security is achieved by discussing basic substitution and transposition operations, to get an appreciation of security in cryptography and recommend basic approach to implement cryptography. It is beneficial for readers to have some knowledge on cryptography to follow certain discussions of the paper.
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An Overview of Cryptographic Hash Functions and Their Uses
To understand the viability of using hash functions to verify integrity and source of information, one must first examine the properties and origin of the basic hash function. The standard hash function serves as a basis for the discussion of Cryptographic Hash Functions. There are several hash functions currently in use today, including MD5 and SHA1. By examining the history and security available in each function, the user can determine which algorithm is best suited for their application.
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A Consumer Guide for Personal File and Disk Encryption Programs
Encryption products are becoming a popular solution to maintain the confidentiality of digital information. Most encryption programs provide a wide range of features. For the average personal computer user, trying to understand and identify whether an encryption program is needed, and if so, which features they need can make choosing an encryption product a very frustrating task. This guide will give you the knowledge to select an encryption product that matches your needs.
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